By Andi Anderson
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), classified as H5N1, continues to impact animals and public health. Michigan State University (MSU) College of Veterinary Medicine and its Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL) play a crucial role in testing and response.
What is HPAI?
HPAI is a virus affecting wild birds and poultry. Since 2022, it has caused severe illness and high mortality in poultry, earning its highly pathogenic classification.
Current Status of the Outbreak
The H5N1 outbreak has spanned three years, affecting nearly 135 million domestic birds across the U.S., including over 7 million in Michigan. Recent cases in dairy cattle and domestic cats underscore the virus's broad host range.
Impact on Dairy Cattle and Cats
More than 900 cattle herds in 16 states have been affected, with Michigan reporting 30 herds. Cats, both domestic and wild, are also highly susceptible. Experts advise pet owners to prevent contact with wild birds and avoid raw diets or unpasteurized milk for pets.
Public Health and Laboratory Efforts
MSU VDL has conducted over 35,000 tests for H5N1, working in partnership with state and federal agencies. Samples undergo genetic sequencing to monitor mutations that could affect human transmission. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently considers the risk to public health low.
Precautions and Research
MSU VDL ensures biosecurity through strict protocols, including personal protective equipment and a biosafety level three laboratory. Ongoing research focuses on the virus's dynamics in cattle to develop effective containment strategies.
The MSU team remains dedicated to combating this outbreak, emphasizing that prolonged circulation of H5N1 increases the risk of adaptation and transmission across species. Collaborative efforts aim to safeguard animal and human health while addressing this complex disease.
Photo Credit: michigan-state-university-msu
Categories: Michigan, Livestock