By Jamie Martin
Scientists at the University of Idaho have discovered a naturally occurring genetic mutation that may significantly improve wheat production. The mutation has been linked to a 5% to 10% increase in grain yield, offering valuable opportunities for future crop breeding programs.
The research team, led by wheat breeder Jianli Chen, analyzed collections of wheat genetic material and spring wheat varieties developed across the Pacific Northwest. Their work identified a specific DNA deletion associated with several high performing wheat lines.
According to the researchers, the mutation contributes to later flowering and the development of more spikelets on wheat heads. Since spikelets produce grain, an increase in their number can lead to improved harvest potential.
The beneficial mutation was found in multiple high yielding wheat lines, including the University of Idaho's UI Gold variety and several advanced breeding lines currently under evaluation.
To support practical use of the discovery, researchers created molecular markers that allow breeding programs to rapidly screen wheat lines for the mutation. This technology can help breeders identify promising plants earlier in the development process.
The project received funding through a five year, $15 million USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant led by the University of California Davis. Researchers from 22 institutions collaborated on the effort.
In addition to finding the mutation, the team validated a cost saving genomic selection method. Rather than relying on a platform containing 90,000 DNA markers, they showed that a smaller system using 4,000 markers could provide similar yield predictions.
This approach lowers testing expenses by approximately $60 per sample and allows breeders to make decisions more efficiently.
Photo Credit: istock-ligora
Categories: National