By Scout Nelson
Heat stress is a major concern for livestock during summer heat waves. When animals are too hot and cannot release enough heat, their health and performance drop. Farmers must act early to protect their animals.
High temperature and humidity increase heat stress risk. A temperature-humidity index (THI) helps farmers know when animals are at risk. A THI of 82 means moderate risk, while above 87 means extreme stress. Tools like the USDA heat stress forecast and Cattle Comfort Index help predict dangerous days.
Water is the first defence. Animals need more water during heat. Farmers must ensure tanks and troughs have enough space and clean water. A 200-animal pen should have at least 400 inches of linear water access. If animals are without water for a long time, rehydration should be slow and guided by a vet.
Shade helps animals stay cool. Farmers should provide 20 feet of shade per large animal and 10 feet for small ones. Shade should allow air flow. Removing wind blocks and using mounds can improve air movement.
Pen surface cooling also helps. Sprinklers or light-coloured bedding like straw can lower ground temperature. Spraying should be done before peak heat. Use large water droplets to avoid adding humidity.
Avoid working animals in the heat. If necessary, handle livestock early in the morning and in small groups. Make sure holding areas have shade and water.
Changing feeding times is also useful. Feeding in the evening helps with cooler digestion. During and after heat events, feed less and give animals time to recover.
Farmers must know when to act. Signs of heat stress include heavy breathing, foaming mouth, drooping heads, and low energy.
Photo Credit:usda
Categories: North Dakota, Livestock, Rural Lifestyle, Weather