Strengthen Ram Fertility This Season

By Andi Anderson

Preparing rams for breeding season is an important step in supporting flock productivity. A single ram may service many ewes, so his health and fertility have a major impact on lambing results. Basic planning can reduce risk and support higher conception rates.

A physical exam is one of the first steps. Testicles should be firm, evenly sized, and free of swelling or injury. Rams may show softer testicles in spring, but firmness should improve as days shorten.

The epididymis should feel distinct and similar on both sides. Scrotal circumference is another indicator of fertility, with adult rams ideally measuring more than 35 centimetres and young rams above 30 centimetres.

The penis and prepuce should be checked for sores or infection. “Pizzle rot” is a common issue linked to high-protein diets and wet pens. Clean bedding and proper care can help treat this condition and prevent discomfort that limits breeding performance. Sound hips are also essential, and simple weight-bearing tests can show whether a ram can support the physical demands of mating.

Hoof trimming should be completed several weeks before breeding to allow healing time. Any signs of infection, such as hoof rot or scald, should be treated early. Shearing 6–8 weeks before breeding keeps rams clean and comfortable, especially in warm seasons.

Nutrition plays a major role in fertility. Rams should begin rising-plane feeding 4–6 weeks ahead of breeding to reach a body condition score of around 3.5. This often requires added energy and, for younger rams, additional protein. Gradual diet changes help prevent digestive problems and support healthy weight gain.

A professional breeding soundness exam is recommended to confirm semen quality and overall fertility. These exams help identify problems early and reduce the chance of breeding failure.

Ram-to-ewe ratios vary by season, age, and breeding methods. Groups of rams can improve coverage if they are housed together beforehand to reduce fighting.

By investing in nutrition, hoof care, physical exams, and sound management practices, producers can prepare rams for a healthy and productive breeding season.

Photo Credit: istock-heebyj