By Blake Jackson
Penn State Extension experts are exploring how artificial intelligence can support agricultural decision-making, but recent findings highlight the importance of using reliable, research-based tools.
James R. Ladlee, who specializes in emerging and advanced technology, along with horticulture educator Leah Fronk, evaluated eight large language model (LLM) AI platforms by posing ten questions related to cucumber production. These questions covered key areas such as disease control, pesticide use, nutrient management, and general crop practices.
The responses were compared against science-based recommendations from Penn State Extension resources and production guides. Each answer was assessed for accuracy and practical value.
Results showed mixed performance—while some platforms, including Gemini Free and Grok3, delivered relatively strong answers, others provided incomplete, vague, or even potentially misleading information, especially when applied to local growing conditions.
The findings were presented earlier this year at the Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention in Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Although users are improving their ability to interact with AI by refining prompts and asking follow-up questions, the study revealed that general AI tools can still produce inconsistent results. This underscores the need for platforms built specifically on trusted, localized agricultural knowledge.
To address this gap, Penn State Extension launched Tilva in January 2026. This specialized AI tool delivers answers based solely on curated Extension publications and government data relevant to regional agriculture.
It incorporates trusted resources such as the Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Production Guide and the Penn State Tree Fruit Production Guide, along with materials from the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture and USDA. Tilva also provides responses in both English and Spanish, making it more accessible to a broader audience.
A key feature of Tilva is its feedback system, allowing users to rate responses and provide comments. This input helps developers and Extension educators continuously improve the tool.
While Tilva enhances access to reliable information, experts emphasize that critical decisions—especially those involving pesticides, finances, or health—should always involve professional guidance.
Recommendations for Integrating AI into Your Farm Management:
- Use AI tools that rely on verified, research-based sources.
- Cross-check AI responses with Extension publications.
- Avoid relying solely on AI for pesticide or health decisions.
- Provide clear, detailed prompts to improve AI accuracy.
- Consult experts such as agronomists or veterinarians.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-nes
Categories: Pennsylvania, Crops, Fruits and Vegetables