By Blake Jackson
A comprehensive study by University of Kentucky researchers has provided a detailed analysis of contaminants in Kentucky’s waterways and strategies to protect them.
Led by Tiffany Messer, the research examined various watersheds across the state, each representing distinct land-use patterns.
"About 95% of Kentucky’s drinking water comes from surface water, meaning that whatever ends up in our rivers and streams will eventually make its way into our water treatment systems," said Messer.
The study, involving researchers from the Kentucky Water Research Institute and others, aimed to identify contaminants and their sources to develop targeted protection strategies.
The researchers used two methods: monthly "grab" samples for immediate pollutant levels and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) for long-term monitoring.
Over eight months, they detected 77 contaminants, including fertilizers, trace metals, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals.
The study revealed that land use significantly impacts water contamination. "We found that every region had its own unique set of contaminants. In urban areas, we detected more chemicals from lawn care, pet products and wastewater, including caffeine and certain pharmaceuticals," Messer said.
"Agricultural areas had higher levels of herbicides commonly used in farming, while the mining region showed elevated sulfate levels from mine drainage. Each landscape tells a different story about the sources of pollution."
Five contaminants exceeded safety guidelines for aquatic life, posing potential harm to wildlife. Runoff from heavy rains significantly increased pollutant levels in agricultural and urban areas. The presence of antibiotics and prescription drugs suggested potential wastewater infrastructure issues.
The researchers are now testing natural treatments, particularly constructed wetlands, to remove contaminants. Preliminary results indicate these wetlands are effective.
An outreach initiative, mesoWheels, engaged over 1,000 high school students in water quality experiments. "These hands-on activities not only teach vital scientific principles but also invite young people to investigate their local streams, discuss environmental stewardship and propose their own ideas for solutions," Messer said.
The findings highlight the need for monitoring and management to protect Kentucky’s surface water, which is crucial for drinking water. The study provides a foundation for evidence-based decisions to protect human and ecological health.
Future publications will detail constructed wetland designs and performance. "For now, the takeaway is clear: While water contamination in Kentucky stems from many sources, there are tangible, cost-effective ways to reduce it, and local communities engaged through classroom participation are already helping pave the way toward cleaner, safer streams and rivers for all," Messer concluded.
Photo Credit: pexels-ron-lach
Categories: Kentucky, Education, General