By Blake Jackson
Recent heavy rains and flooding have raised concerns among farmers about the health of their corn fields. Although standing water is discouraging, understanding how corn responds to excess moisture can help guide practical management decisions.
Full or Partial Submersion
Recent heavy rains and flooding have raised concerns among farmers about the health of their corn fields. Although standing water is discouraging, understanding how corn responds to excess moisture can help guide practical management decisions, says Dr. Chad Lee, UK Corn and Bourbon Grains Specialist, Director- Grain & Forage Center of Excellence at the University of Kentucky.
Root Damage and Recovery
Flooding displaces oxygen in the soil, causing root hairs to die within hours. Without these structures, plants cannot absorb water or nutrients, even though photosynthesis continues. Recovery begins only after oxygen returns to the soil, usually when fields are dry enough for equipment movement. In some cases, it may take up to 14 days to clearly determine crop survival.
Yellowing and Nutrient Stress
Flooded corn often turns yellow due to reduced nutrient uptake, not a lack of nutrients in the soil. While this may prompt farmers to apply nitrogen, doing so too early is ineffective because damaged roots cannot absorb nutrients.
Pollination and Long-Term Effects
Flooding during pollination, especially when temperatures exceed 90°F, can disrupt kernel development and reduce yields. Long-term issues may include weak stalks prone to lodging, reduced photosynthesis from mud on leaves, and diseases such as “crazy top.”
As noted, "Fertilizers and fungicides will not rescue a flood-damaged crop." Fields that remain viable should be harvested early to minimize further losses.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-songdech
Categories: Kentucky, Crops, Corn