By Scout Nelson
Drought in North Dakota is creating serious challenges for livestock owners as many still rely on surface water sources like dugouts and stock dams for grazing animals. With low spring runoff and drying water sources, the quality of available water has become a growing concern.
Experts warn that as water levels drop, the concentration of minerals in the remaining water increases. This raises the risk of toxic levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sulfates, which can negatively affect livestock health.
Poor water quality affects how much water cattle drink and their ability to gain weight. Good-quality water can lead to better weight gain in calves and yearlings—up to one-third of a pound more per day in calves.
Safe levels for TDS in livestock drinking water should remain under 5,000 parts per million (ppm). For sulfates, the recommended limits are less than 500 ppm for calves and under 1,000 ppm for adult cattle. High sulfate levels can result in loose stools and, in extreme cases, cause nervous system problems.
In late 2024, tests by NDSU Extension agents revealed several water sources with unsafe sulfate levels, particularly in western North Dakota.
To prepare for the grazing season, ranchers are encouraged to monitor their water sources regularly. Simple tools such as TDS meters and sulfate test strips are inexpensive and easy to use. If levels exceed 4,500 ppm for TDS or 800 ppm for sulfates, a laboratory analysis is advised.
Those who have faced water issues in the past should consider long-term solutions like developing new water sources. “Installing a water development plan can help ensure that livestock can access good-quality water throughout the grazing season and increase a ranch’s drought resilience,” says Meehan.
For more details on livestock water quality, ranchers can contact their local NDSU Extension office or visit the NDSU Agriculture website.
Photo Credit:pexels-adam-sondel
Categories: North Dakota, Weather