By Blake Jackson
Rain events in Pennsylvania have jeopardized soybean harvests, following a dry summer. Many soybean fields were at maturity when the rain occurred, leading to issues like pod splitting, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), mold, and other grain quality problems. These issues were likely exacerbated by the preceding hot, dry weather.
Pod splitting, caused by the rapid absorption of moisture by dry grains, results in grain exposure and susceptibility to shattering, leading to pre-harvest losses. This exposure also increases the risk of moisture absorption, contributing to PHS and mold growth.
PHS occurs when mature grains, with high ABA levels, reach 50% moisture and temperatures above 50°F. This triggers germination, breaking down reserve molecules and reducing grain quality and storability.
Sprouted and moldy grains contribute to "total damaged kernels," which are limited to 2% in grade 1 soybeans according to U.S. Soybean Standards.
Here are general recommendations for managing affected soybean fields:
- Assess the level of damage: Estimate yield and grain quality losses.
- Communicate with buyers and insurers: Discuss discount schedules for total damaged grain.
- Harvest promptly: Adjust combine settings to minimize harvest losses or eliminate damaged grain.
- Dry grain properly: Store grain at 13-12% moisture to prevent sprouting and spoilage.
By following these recommendations, Pennsylvania soybean farmers can mitigate the negative impacts of the recent rain events and ensure the quality of their harvested crop.
Photo Credit: istock-ds70
Categories: Pennsylvania, Crops, Soybeans